Alfred Hitchcock, the master of cinematic perversion, took this subversion to the highest art. The Birds (1963) is rarely read as a mother-son film, but it is. Rod Taylor’s character, Mitch, is a confirmed bachelor whose icy, possessive mother, Lydia, runs the family. When a new woman arrives, Lydia’s jealousy ("She's after him, I can feel it") literally summons a natural apocalypse. The birds are the id; they are the mother’s unspoken rage made flesh.
In literature, D.H. Lawrence’s Sons and Lovers (1913) is the Ur-text. Gertrude Morel, a refined woman married to a brutish coal miner, transfers her emotional longing onto her son, Paul. She cultivates his artistic sensibilities, essentially becoming his first love. Lawrence writes, “She was the chief thing to him... the only thing that held him up.” Paul’s subsequent relationships with women are doomed because no living woman can compete with the memory of his mother’s devotion. It is a tragedy not of incest, but of emotional monopoly. Mom Son Incest Comic
However, contemporary storytelling has moved past the Freudian trap. Recent works suggest that the healthiest mother-son relationships are those that defy the Oedipal pull—where the mother trains the son to leave. In Greta Gerwig’s Lady Bird (2017), the focus is on the daughter, but the brief scenes with the son, Miguel, reveal a quiet, uncomplicated love. He is adored, but not suffocated. This is the anti-Lawrence model. For decades, the "momma’s boy" was a pejorative trope—a weak, effeminate man who couldn’t cut the cord. Think of the grotesque Norman Bates, or the pathetic, bullied son in Portnoy’s Complaint by Philip Roth. Alexander Portnoy’s hyperbolic screams to his analyst—“She was so deeply embedded in my consciousness that for the first twenty years I was literally not a human being!”—defined the neurotic, Jewish-American son. Alfred Hitchcock, the master of cinematic perversion, took
Italian cinema is famous for the mammone —the "momma’s boy" who lives at home until his 30s or 40s. In Federico Fellini’s Amarcord (1973), the teenage son is obsessed with sex and fascism, but he is utterly infantilized by a buxom, commanding mother figure. More recently, Paolo Sorrentino’s The Hand of God (2021) shows a young man, Fabietto, whose world revolves around the warmth and humor of his eccentric mother (known as "Patrizia the screaming one"). When she dies suddenly, the film literally shifts from comedy to tragedy. The rest of the narrative is Fabietto’s desperate search for meaning in her absence. When a new woman arrives, Lydia’s jealousy ("She's
The most modern archetype is the mother who is physically or emotionally missing. Her absence creates the wound that the son spends his entire narrative trying to heal. In Cormac McCarthy’s The Road , the mother is the one who gives up. She leaves the man and the boy to die, a decision so devastating that her presence haunts every silent mile of the journey. In cinema, the "bad mother" narrative took a revolutionary turn with Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991). Sarah Connor has been institutionalized—deemed “unfit” because she is paranoid and militant. Yet, her absence from normal society is what makes her son, John, the savior of humanity. She is traumatized, but she is also the weapon. Part II: The Oedipal Complex and Its Discontents No discussion of this dynamic can avoid Sigmund Freud, though the most interesting art actively subverts him. The Oedipal complex—the boy’s desire for his mother and rivalry with the father—is the ghost in the machine of Western narrative.
Perhaps the definitive modern depiction is Kenneth Lonergan’s Manchester by the Sea (2016). The mother of the protagonist’s nephew has died of alcoholism, but it is the living mother, the protagonist’s ex-wife, who haunts the film. The son here is a teenager who refuses to let his uncle’s grief destroy him. He insists on living. The film suggests that the ultimate gift a mother can give is permission to survive. The mother-son relationship in art has evolved from the sacred to the profane and back again. We have moved from Freudian terror to gentle realism, from the monstrous mothers of Psycho to the flawed, loving, exasperating mothers of Eighth Grade (where the mother simply tries to understand her son’s social media anxiety).